Theme of Inequality in The Subjection of Women by John...

In the essay, The Subjection on Women, the author John Stuart Mill describes his views on the inequality between men and women. He gives his opinion on why men have so much power over women and why this occurs. John Stuart Mill describes a principle and system that regulates the social relations between women and men. The principle Mill proposes is the legal subordination of one sex to the other. He is referring to the dominance that men have over women. In 1869, the Parliament in Europe gave little rights to women that created a tremendous gap between men and women. Men would be given the final say on what women could and could not do. The system that regulates the social relations between men and women was the system of†¦show more content†¦It was this type of education that brainwashed both men and women for many years. There are certain aspects of a mans personality that makes them take advantage of a women’s dependencies. According to Mill, the first aspect of a mans personality was the natural attraction to a woman. Mill stated that men also liked the fact that women were reliant on them. Wives could only go as far as their husbands’ role in society. If a wives husband was a part of the government she would receive a higher social status and more privileges than if her husband was a carpenter. Mill stated that men liked that anything women received came from the mans doing. It symbolized that the husband had all the power and control over his wife. Mill gives several reasons for men wanting to hold women into subjection. One of those reasons Mill gives is that he feels that men could not live or comprehend that women could be equal to men. In Europe during the mid-nineteenth century the ideal that a women could have the same ideas and accomplish the same things, if not better, than a man was a too advanced way of thinking for men during that time period. John Stuart Mills makes many points in his essay, The Subjection of Women, on t he reasons of male dominance over women. I feel that a British male philosopher in the mid-nineteenth century thinking of why women are not equal to men andShow MoreRelatedWomen And Women s Rights2013 Words   |  9 Pagesof women, what rights women should have, and the how women how women should equate to men has always been a popular topic and several majors events have occurred in regards to women s equality, role, and rights. Over the course of civilization, the rights and views of women have drastically improved, but there are still a few areas in which women are not treated as equals to their male counterparts. One popular social issue that is currently in debate is wage equality between men and women. SeveralRead MoreFeminist Theory2762 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Since the beginning of time women have been considered inferior to men, which seem to proceed to affect everyday lives of all social beings in this world. Women have a disease, a disease that will prevent them for ever having the political drive to achieve political, social or economic opportunities men have. This disease is the need for independency and self-respect or the lack there of. This is what we have come to know as feminism. Feminism refers to the body of thoughtRead MoreLiberal Perspective of a State7979 Words   |  32 PagesINTRODUCTION Liberalism has meant many things over the last 400 years and has provided significant benefits to the human race. Basically, liberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights and so, the main theme of liberalism throughout the period of its development was that the purpose of state is the promotion and protection of human freedom and equality and ensuring of human happiness. Liberalism meant the removal of traditional distinctions that were imposed on people. Read MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen7379 Words   |  30 PagesTranslated by Rolf Fjelde I. Introduction During the late nineteenth century, women were enslaved in their gender roles and certain restrictions were enforced on them by a male dominant culture. Every woman was raised believing that they had neither self-control nor self-government but that they must yield to the control of a stronger gender. John Stuart Mill wrote in his essay, â€Å"The Subjection of Women†, that women were, â€Å"wholly under the role of men and each private being under the obligationRead Moresecond sex Essay13771 Words   |  56 Pageswrite a book on woman. The subject is irritating especially to women; and it is not new. Enough ink has been spilled in the quarreling over feminism, now practically over, and perhaps we should say no more about it. It is still talked about, however, for the voluminous nonsense uttered during the last century seems to have done little to illuminate the problem. After all, is there a problem? And if so, what is it? Are there women, really? Most assuredly the theory of the eternal feminine still

Student Loan Debt And Education - 1082 Words

oday, society stresses the importance of postsecondary education to students due to the countless ways that an associates, bachelors, masters, or doctorate can enhance an individual future. For an individual to reach financial security in the United States’ economy it is basically mandatory that they have received a college degree. Postsecondary education will provide skills and knowledge that will prepare individuals to be successful within their career as they compete for leading positions. Overall as an individual receives a college degree they will become more likely to experience job security and financial security, and this is important to most as they hope to live a stable life. In college, students are taking as many as one hundred credit hours which contributes to most also accumulating student loan debt as they try to finance their education. Even though the completion of a postsecondary education will contribute to a graduate obtaining a respectable income it may al so cause graduates to suffer from high student loan debt which will negatively impact their finances far into their adulthood. R.J. Matson created the image above to emphasize how student loan debt negatively impacts student and changes need to be made to avoid stress caused by the debt. Colors, Facial Expressions, and Posture R.J Matson made the decision to limit the image to only four different colors, which are black, blue, grey and white. In this image, the cartoonist R.J. Matson made the choice toShow MoreRelatedStudent Loan Debt And High Cost Of Education1190 Words   |  5 Pagescollege students graduate each year, many of them are not successful after their education. Many jump in without knowing what they want to do and at the end once they have their degree they realize that it wasn’t what they wanted. Now they have thousands of dollars in debt and a degree they dislike or a degree so common it earns them but a dollar or two more than a high school diploma would. Some can’t even find job, yet they have the burden to pay back student loans, but what if we as students didRead MoreHigher Education And The Consequences Of The Rising Student Loan Debt1280 Words   |  6 Pagesour country is the rising student loan debt (Josuweit, 2015). Some r efer to it as a â€Å"generational time-bomb ticking with adults under age 35 disproportionately bearing the brunt of escalating inequality† (Collins, 2015). Today’s college graduates are entering an economy with stagnant wages and a government that can no longer afford to provide a safety net. This paper will examine the economic benefits of higher education and the consequences of the rising student loan debt to the nation as a wholeRead MoreNot A Student Loan For College Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagesconcerns with student loans and repayment issues. In electing to secure a student loan for college, prospective students or parents should realistically, forecast or measure probable (anticipated) student debt. In particularly, with students aspiring to attend college, several organizations or subsidiaries, and for-profit institutions cash in on unknowledgeable hopefuls contributing to the student loan debt dilemma/crisis (or student debt). The college costs and finan cial constraints for student borrowingRead MoreMiddle And Working Class Family s Depend On Student Loans Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesInitial Draft Student Loan Debts Terri Gray Chamberlain college of Nursing â€Æ' Prewriting Assignment What is your narrowed topic? Middle and working class family’s depend on student loans. Loans are the only way to an education for many families not only here in the USA. Also I find it interesting that most minority families do not understand the cost of education. Student loans are aver political issue and many polices and laws have been put in place for people to have access to education yet the tuitionRead MoreEducation Debt: The Problem and Solutions Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesever-increasing tuition and ever-tighten federal student aid, the number of students relying on student loan to fund a college education hits a historical peak. According to a survey conducted by an independent and nonprofit organization, two-thirds of college seniors graduated with loans in 2010, and each of them carried an average of $25,250 in debt. (Reed et. al., par. 2). My research question will focus on the profound effect of education debt on American college graduates’ lives, an d my thesisRead MoreHow The Student Loan Debt Crisis Is Undermining Economic And Social Progress Of American Graduates1635 Words   |  7 PagesHow the Student Loan Debt Crisis Is Undermining the Economic and Social progress of American Graduates Currently, higher education is highly valued as a step in achieving success and earnings potential, but attaining a degree comes at a high cost. Although a very valued asset, the cost to attain a college degree for most students includes getting loans, grants from the government, and sometimes even private loans. Most of these loans come at a high price for students as the interest structure forRead MoreStudent Debt Crisis1380 Words   |  6 Pages A student loan is designed to help students pay for university tuition, books, and living expenses. It may differ from other types of loans in that the interest rate may be substantially lower and the repayment schedule may be deferred while the student is still in education. It also differs in many countries in the strict laws regulating renegotiating and bankruptcy. There are two types of student loan that can be applied which are federal student loan and private student loan. BasicallyRead MoreA College Education Is Not Only An Absolute Requirement1253 Words   |  6 PagesToday, students and graduates face long lasting consequences when it comes to student loan debt, which in recent years has become increasingly problematic and inevitable regardless of the precautions a student takes. No amount of awareness or understanding can change the lasting impacts that taking out student loans has. Pursuing a college education today, is nothing like it once was or once promised to be. Before, getting a degree meant an almost guarantee to find a good paying, stable job. NowRead MoreThe Cultural And Global Impact Of College Tuition And Student Loan Debt1442 Words   |  6 PagesCultural and Global Impact of College Tuition and Student Loan Debt Introduction College debt is quickly rising as more students pursue a postsecondary education. Tuition is growing at a rate higher than inflation, thus forcing many students to make up the gap between income and tuition through loans (Houle). However, cultural factors must be considered before a young adult makes a decision about higher education. The type of postsecondary education one pursues, if any, is determined by many circumstancesRead MoreStudent Loan Debt On College Students887 Words   |  4 PagesStudent Loan Debt on College Students Student loans are becoming more and more of a problem for college students all across the United States. As college tuition has significantly increased over the past years, it has become extremely common for most college students to finance their education through student loans. Tuition has become so expensive that it is almost unheard of for a student to pay for their tuition out of pocket or by working for their education part time. As the result of

The Rise Of A New Leader, Adolf Hitler, And His Party

American author and writer Paul Auster once said; â€Å"The world is so unpredictable. Things happen suddenly, unexpectedly. We want to feel we are in control of our own existence. In some ways we are, in some ways we re not. We are ruled by the forces of chance and coincidence.† The early 1930s continued to be a time of worldwide economic depression and the lasting humiliation of being defeated earlier in World War I caused a lack of confidence in Germany’s weak government. Due to these conditions, Germans were desperate for the leadership of one who would turn their country around. This provided the chance for the rise of a new leader, Adolf Hitler, and his party, the National Socialist German Workers Party. An unemployed soldier after fighting in World War I, Hitler engaged himself as a politically active individual joining the Nazi Party. Shortly after joining, â€Å"Hitler proved to be such a powerful public speaker and organizer that he quickly became the party ’s leader. Calling himself Der Fuhrer- â€Å"the Leader†- he promised to bring Germany out of chaos† (the book). As part of the Nazi Party, Hitler implemented government policies based on anti-Semitism and racism. Nazism, which is a specific type of fascism, believed in a superior race; â€Å"Germans- especially blue eyed, blond haired â€Å"Aryans†- formed a â€Å"master race† that was destined to rule the world. â€Å"Inferior races,† such as Jews, Slavs, and all nonwhites, were deemed fit only to serve the Aryans† (the book). From 1919Show MoreRelatedThe Rise Of Adolf Hitler1457 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many world leaders in different countries and regions on earth who play a significant role in societies. Their role is significant because they have derived their power from their own birthright or from the people who have elected them. The rise of Dictator Adolf Hitler to supreme power in Nazi Germany would prove to be an eve nt in history that was totally inexplicable in any terms. He was an adventurer who desired to conquer the German people and dominate the entire world, reshaping itRead MoreAdolf Hitler As A Leader Of Men1147 Words   |  5 PagesMinister, David Lloyd George described Adolf Hitler as a â€Å" born leader of men†¦ A magnetic and dynamic personality with a single-minded purpose, a resolute will and a dauntless heart†. In Post World War 1 Germany, The Weimar Republic was doomed from its founding in 1918; an unstable, struggling republic in state of crisis. As the Weimar republic struggled to survive, a new political party was rising. The National Socialist German Workers’ party, also known as the Nazi party, gained popularity during the failingsRead MoreDesperation: The Rise of the Nazi State Essay921 Words   |  4 Pageshear about a new political party that is slowly gaining momentum. They had an answer to all of your problems. A cause, an effect, and a solution. They tell you that you are the greatest people on Earth and you have the might a lineage to rise up and become a great and powerful empire. You are immediately hooked. In desperation people will do what they probably would never do in there right mind. It is this historically justified statement that helped Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party rise to power.Read MoreAdolf Hitler Essay827 Words   |  4 PagesAdolf Hitler was one of the most feared and cruel men in world history, but how did he come to power? Hitler was one out of a few men to be feared by thousands of people. Hilter was responsible for killing millions of innocent people, mostly of the Jewish religion. He was the chancellor of Germany for 12 years and the leader of the Nazi party. He was a very important person in history, most notably during World War II. When Hitler was young he moved to a town named Vienna, this is where he acquiredRead MoreHitler vs. Gandhi1721 Words   |  7 PagesKaramchand Gandhi (Ghandis Life) . When Gandhi was finished with high school, he entered a small Indian college, the Samaldas College at the University of Bombay (Mahatma). After beginning his education here, however, he decided he disliked and traveled to the University College London, leaving his wife and infant son (Ghandis Life). It was while attending school in London that he initially became exposed to the diversity of the world; he pursued the study of religions such as HinduismRead MoreFailures Of Adolf Hitler1616 Words   |  7 PagesAdolf Hitler is one of the most notorious villains in all of history for his unspeakable crimes against humanity, but how he came to be so powerful is not often known. He effectively attained utmost power through both self-activation, and his ability to acclimate to the social conditions posed in Germany at th is time. Hitler rose to sovereignty on the strength of his personality and vision, and through a tactic called coercive power. His followers swore allegiance to him and no one else. Adolf HitlerRead MoreNazi Germany And The World War I1265 Words   |  6 Pagesdivided into two parts and fought each other. The allied powers against the Axis powers. The leader of the axis powers that includes Italy, Japan, and Germany. The Germany were defeated by the British and French in world war one so the new leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler became allies with two countries the fascist Italy and the militarized Japan. At the beginning the whole world didn’t take the new leader of Nazi Germany very seriously, the United States of America did not want to be involved inRead MoreAdolf Hitler : An Experimental View1562 Words   |  7 Pagesexperimental view. New York, NY: Harper Row. The dictator I chosen to write my paper is Adolf Hitler. Born in Austria in 1889, Adolf Hitler rose to pow er in German politics as leader of Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers Party). Adolf Hitler was chancellor of Germany from 1933 - 1945, and served as dictator from 1934- 1945. His policies lead to World War II and the Holocaust. The Great Depression in Germany provided a political opportunity for Adolf Hitler. In the year 1932, Hitler ran againstRead MoreAdolf Hitler As A Leader Of Nazi Germany1640 Words   |  7 Pages Adolf Hitler is known throughout the world as being the leader of Nazi Germany in the early twentieth century, and ultimately the instigator for World War II. His actions have faced much scrutiny since the conflict was resolved, but the genius behind this war effort is seeded in the politics of his egregious nature. Early Life and Upbringing Hitler was born on April 20, 1889, at Braunau-am-Inn, Austria. Alois,his father, had risen from a poor peasant background to become an Austrian customs officialRead MoreThe Rise of the Nazi Party1059 Words   |  5 PagesThe Nazis and their rise to power comprised many steps along the way. With the help of Adolf Hitler’s mind they came to power with their political and economic strategies. Outlining the beginning of how Hitler and his party slowly gained power and took over Germany as each of his idea and his supporters helped him to rise. Hitler consequently congregated supporters of the Nazi party to make it stronger. Before the idea of legally taking over the political and economic of Germany, he planned to take

Health Policy Issue Paper Health Care - 1605 Words

Health Policy Issue Paper Health care is our nation’s greatest strength and most serious challenge. The organizing, financing, and delivery of health care in the United States is affected by a broad range of forces such as public, private, national, as well as local (Shi Singh, 2015). The main theme of the Obama campaign of 2008, was to change health care provisions that were preventing American’s from accessing adequate health care. In March 21010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was passed by the U.S. congress and signed into law by President Obama, aimed at creating significant changes that impact every health care organization (Shi Singh, 2015). The PPACA was enacted with the goal of increasing the quality and affordability of health insurance and this goal is achieved by increasing the Medicaid coverage for low income, uninsured-adults under 65 years of age, with income up to 138% of the federal poverty level (Ayanian, 2013). Moreover, the Medicaid expansion d emands for the full practice of advanced practice nurses, with the increase in the number of insured population and this will provide more autonomy in practice for advanced practice nurses. This paper discusses in detail about the PPACA, and one of its key components â€Å"Medicaid expansion policy’. The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act The PPACA, otherwise known as affordable care act or Obama care, enacted by congress in March 2010, and signed by President Obama, establishes theShow MoreRelatedEssay On Texas Public Policy1673 Words   |  7 PagesTexas Inmates’ Health Care: Public Policy Effectiveness Research Is Texas public policy effective? The Texas government million-dollar question. This research paper will inform the readers on what public policy and effectiveness is in relation to Texas government. It will review five scholarly journals that all describe public policy and its effectiveness in Texas. It will also discuss one public policy specifically regarding the health care that Texas has imposed upon their prison inmates. TheRead MoreValues And Believes Decides Personnel Priorities And Our Actions Follows994 Words   |  4 Pages(Gokenbach, 2012). In this paper, the writer discusses the personal values, beliefs, and differentiates personal beliefs with the health care policy using cost, quality aspects, analyze the religious, personal, political ideology and how it affects the perspective of health care policy and finally examines the inconsistency between the personal beliefs and the current health care policy. The nursing profession holds values such as honesty, human dignity, equality, commitment, care, competent, responsibilitiesRead MoreHcs 455 the Policy Process: Part I Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe Policy Process: Part I Susan Kunz HCS 455 July 6, 2011 Rich Jones The Policy Process: Part I Patient access to affordable health care is an ongoing issue in the United States. The first portion of the policy process involves three different stages, the formulation stage, legislative stage, and the implementation stage. Three main stages exist in the process to transform a topic into a policy (Morone, J. A., Litman, T. J., amp; Robins, L.S., 2008). Coupled with the implementation stageRead MoreLegal, Ethical, And Policy Issues1392 Words   |  6 Pages Legal, Ethical, and Policy Issues, Oh My! Julia Colasurdo SUNY College of Technology at Alfred State Abstract Legal, ethical, and policy issues are an important aspect of nursing and medical informatics. Nurses should be aware of the dilemmas facing the use of informatics in the health care facilities. It is important to note the legal issues facing nursing because of the charges of negligence that can be incurred on the nurse if not aware. Ethical dilemmas of privacy including securityRead MoreHca 340 Week 3 Outline for Final Paper1561 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial characteristics of health care delivery along with managing costs, revenues, and human resources Examine the financial characteristics of health care delivery along with managing costs, revenues, and human resources Outline I. Introduction II. Thesis Statement III. Financial aspects of health care delivery A. Reason behind the increasing health care cost B. Impact of rising cost on the quality of services IV. Role of Human Resources in health care industry A. ChallengesRead MoreEssay on Hcs/455 Policy Process Part Ii742 Words   |  3 PagesPolicy Process Part II HCS/455 The Policy Process: Part II In this paper we will discuss the final stages of how a topic becomes a policy. The paper will discuss formulation, implementation, and the legislation stage. These stages must be done in this order to ensure the policy is being formed the correct way and not scattered around. This paper will also consist of the evaluation stage, analysis stage, and revision stage and describe the purpose and methodologies process for evaluating andRead MoreMedical Information And Health Care1516 Words   |  7 Pagesis presented to them face various difficulties such as access to health care network, understanding of treatments, recommendations, and instructions. It this paper, the writer describes the formulation of the policy that helps to improve patient health literacy, communication, and information that related to health issues. Also, describes the evidence that needs to formulate a policy, alternatives, and selection criteria of policy, and its outcome. Problem context: patients who have limited knowledgeRead MoreOutline : Racism And Children s Health1130 Words   |  5 PagesCurriculum Outline: Racism and children’s health Concept or Focus The purpose of this outline is to consider justice in health care and the health problems of children related to racism. Participants will explore biblical ways to create a healthy community by understanding racism and children s health issues. Timeframe This lesson is designed for a single session, hour-long adult Sunday school class. Goal The goal of this lesson plan is to 1. Enable participants to understand the adverse effectsRead MoreSimilarities Between Video 5 And Video 7 Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many similarities and differences within the health care system, specifically when it comes to Electronic Health Records (EHR) and its privacy. According to the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, â€Å"an Electronic Health Record is an electronic version of a patient s medical history, that is maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to that person s care under a particular provider, including demographics, progress notesRead MorePublic Policy Paper Healthcare Vs Medical Tourism Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesPublic Policy Paper Healthcare VS Medical Tourism Melodie Dominique Palm Beach Atlantic University GBUS 2813 01 American Free Enterprise Professor Tom Miller October 16, 2016 PUBLIC POLICY PAPER 2 America is portrayed throughout the globe as the land of opportunity and the home of the free. With all that the U.S. has to offer, it is unethical to see how the health care system has failed and is continuing to fail countless Americans. We constantly hear the stories of citizens who have

Background The Evolution of the Internet Free Essays

The Internet has undergone explosive growth since the first connections were established in 1969. This growth has necessitated an extremely large system scale-up that has required new developments in the technology of information transfer. These new developments allow simplified solutions to the problem of how to reliably get information from point A to point B. We will write a custom essay sample on Background The Evolution of the Internet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unfortunately, the rapid pace of the required technological advancement has not allowed for optimal solutions to the scale-up problem. Rather, these solutions appear to have been the most convenient and practical at the time. Thus, the information transfer technology of today’s internet does not guarantee the ‘best path’ for data transmission. The definition of the best path may mean the most cost effective or the fastest path or some path based on optimization of multiple protocols, but the current technology used in the internet cannot guarantee that the best path for data transmission will be chosen. The result is a reduction in economic and system resource efficiency. The Evolution of the Internet The Internet has become integrated into the economic, technological and security infrastructure of virtually every country in the world. However, the internet had quite a humble beginning. It was originally designed as a back-up military communications network (MILNET) and as a university research communications network (National Science Foundation Network, NFSNET / Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, ARPANET). The original technology developed for these limited systems was not designed for the massive scale-up that has occurred since inception. Moreover, the original design of the internet system was based on the sharing of resources. The recent applications of the internet for commerce and proprietary information transfer processes make resource sharing an undesirable aspect. A more recent development is resource usage based on policies limiting what part of the internet can use a specific service or data transmission line. An Introduction to Networks and Routing What is a network? A network is a group of computers linked together by transmission lines that allow communication between the computers. Some of these computers are the equipment used by people on their desktop. Other computers in the network are computers that are designed only to direct traffic on the network or between different networks. Computer scientists often think of networks as large graphs with lines used to connect dots. The dots are called nodes and correspond to computers and the lines correspond to the transmission lines that connect the computers. The Internet is a giant network of smaller networks, called autonomous systems, that allows computers to be connected around the globe. What is routing? The process of transmitting information from a source computer to a destination computer is called routing. The way this is done can greatly effect how quickly the information is transmitted between the two computers. What is a router? A router is a computer with more than one connection to the rest of the network that is programmed to choose which transmission lines to send information. Some routers or designed to route information between networks, as on the Internet, while other routers work to route information between computers on the same network. How do routers route? In order for routers to choose the best route (or path) from the source computer to the destination computer, it is necessary that the routers communicate with each other about what computers and networks they are connected to and the routes that can be used to reach these computers and networks. Often these routes must go through other routers. What are advertisements? Advertisements are the messages sent between routers to communicate information about routes to reach each destination. What is convergence? Convergence occurs on the network or internet when all the routers know all the routes to all the destinations. The time required for all the routers to agree on the state of the network, the network topology, is known as the convergence time. When convergence does not occur, then data can be transmitted to a router which does not know how to get to a destination and this data is then lost. This is called a black hole. It is also possible that the data can be passed around a set of routers continuously without getting to the destination. This is called a routing loop. What is a data packet? When a large message is being transmitted, the message will probably be broken up into smaller messages called data packets, and these data packets may not all be sent by the same path across the Internet, although they will hopefully all reach the same destination What is a metric? A routing metric is a measure associated with a particular path between a source and a destination used by the router to decide what path is the best path. Typical metrics used by routing algorithms include path length, bandwidth, load, reliability, delay (or latency) and communication cost. Path length is a geometric measure of how long the transmission lines are. Bandwidth is used to describe the available transmission rate (bps) of a given section the possible transmission path. The load is the data packet transmission per unit time. The reliability of a data transmission path is essentially the number of errors per unit time. The delay in data transmission along a certain path is due to a combination of the metrics that have already been discussed, including geometric length of the transmission lines, bandwidth, and data traffic congestion. The communication cost is essentially the commercial cost of data transmission along a certain transmission line. What is a router protocol? A router protocol is the way the router is programmed to choose the best path for data transmission and communicate with other routers. This algorithm will consider path metrics associated with each path in a way defined by the by the manager of each AS. What is an internet address? In order for routers to identify the destination of a data transmission, every destination must have an address. The internet protocol (IP) method of addressing destinations uses a series of digits separated by dots. An example of an Internet address is 227. 130. 107. 5. Each of the 4 numbers separated by a dot has a value between 0 and 255. This range of values is set from the amount of computer memory designated for addressing at the beginning of the internet. The internet addressing scheme is similar to a scheme for international telephone calls. There is a ‘country code’ which is a fixed number for each country, and then there are other numbers which change on the phone number to refer to specific locations within the country. The numbers on the IP address for a network on the internet correspond to what would be the country code on an international phone number are referred to as ‘prefix’. The other numbers on the IP address change to refer to individual computers on that particular network. A ‘netmask’ can also be used to specify which numbers on the IP address for a given network are fixed and which ones can be changed. A netmask is a series on ones and zeroes that can be put over the IP address. The part of the IP address under the ones is fixed as a network address. The part of the IP address under the zeros can be changed to indicate specific computers on the network. What is a Domain Name System (DNS), the domain name and the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)? The DNS is a combination of computer hardware and software that can rapidly match the text specification of an IP address, like www. helpmegetoutofthis. com, to an IP address. The part, helpmegetoutofthis. com, is called the domain name. The whole text, www. helpmegetoutofthis. com, is called the Uniform Resource Locator (URL). When you send an e-mail or use the Internet, you use the domain name and the URL to locate specific sites. This allows people to type in the text name, or domain name, of an internet site into the Netscape browser instead of trying to remember the numerical IP address. The DNS automatically matches the text name to the IP address for the user when the transmission request is submitted. What are servers and clients? All of the computers on the Internet are classified as either servers or clients. The computers that provide services to other computers are called servers. The computers that connect to servers to use the services are called clients. Examples of servers are Web servers, e-mail servers, DNS servers and FTP servers. The computers used at the desktop are generally clients. How the internet works. Although the details of routing and software are complex, the operation of the internet from the users’ perspective is fairly straight forward. As an example of what happens when the Internet is used, consider that you type the URL www. helpmegetoutofthis. com into the Netscape browser. The browser contacts a DNS server to get the IP address. A DNS server would start its search for an IP address. If it finds the IP address for the site, then it returns the IP address to the browser, which then contacts the server for www. helpmegetoutofthis. com, which then transmits the web page to your computer and browser so you can view it. The user is not aware that of the operation of an infrastructure of routers and transmission lines behind this action of retrieving a web page and transmitting the data from one computer to another. The infrastructure of the internet can be seen as a massive array of data relay nodes (routers) interconnected by data transmission lines, where each node can service multiple transmission lines. In the general case where information must be sent across several nodes before being received, there will be many possible pathways over which this transmission might occur. The routers serve to find a path for the data transmission to occur. The routing of a file or data packets of a file is either be done by the technique of source routing or the technique of destination routing. In source routing, the path the data transmission will follow id specified at the source of the transmission, while destination routing is controlled by the routers along the path. In the modern internet, almost all routing is done by destination routing because of security issues associated with source routing. Thus, the routers must be programmed with protocols that allow a reasonable, perhaps optimum, path choice for each data packet. For the routers to choose an optimum path also requires that the interconnected routers communicate information concerning local transmission line metrics. Router communication is thus itself a massive information transfer process, given that there is more than 100,000 networks and millions of hosts on the Internet. When viewing the enormity of the problem, it is perhaps easier to understand why engineers have accepted a sub-optimal solution to the problem of efficiency in data transfer on the Internet. When initially confronting a problem, the practical engineering approach is to simplify the problem to the point where a working solution can be obtained and then refine that solution once the system is functional. Some of the simplifying assumptions used by engineers for the current internet data transmission system include 1) A transmission line is never over capacity and is always available as a path choice. 2) The performance of the router and transmission line does not depend on the amount of traffic. These two assumptions do simplify the problem of path choice considerably because now all the transmission lines and nodes may be considered equal in capacity and performance completely independent of traffic. As such, it is a much simpler optimization problem consisting of finding the route with the shortest path length. To simplify the problem even further, another assumption is made: 3) Consider that an â€Å"Autonomous System† (AS), is a small internet inside the Internet. An AS is generally considered to be a sub-network of an Internet with a common administrative authority and is regulated by a specific set of administrative guidelines. It is assumed that every AS is the same and provides the same performance. The problem of Internet routing can now be broken down into the simpler problem of selecting optimum paths inside the AS and then considering the optimum paths between the AS. Since there are ‘only’ around 15,000 active AS’s on the Internet, the overall problem is reduced to finding the best route over 15,000 AS nodes, and then the much simpler problem of finding the best route through each AS. There is an important (to this thesis) set of protocols which control the exchange of routing information between the AS’s. The sort of routers in an AS which communicates with the rest of the internet and other AS’s are called border routers. Border routers are controlled by a set of programming instructions known as Border Gateway Protocol, BGP. A more detailed discussion of computer networking principals and the Internet facts can be found in e. g. [7]. An Introduction to Router Protocols. Routers are computers connected to multiple networks and programmed to control the data transmission between the networks. Usually, there are multiple paths that are possible for transmission of data between two points on the Internet. The routers involved in the transmission between two points can be programmed to choose the ‘best path’ based on some metric. The ‘protocols’ used to determine the path for data transmission are routing algorithms. Typical metrics used by routing algorithms include path length, bandwidth, load, reliability, delay (or latency) and communication cost. Path length. Path length is a geometric measure of how long the transmission lines are. The routers can be programmed to assign weights to each transmission line proportional to the length of the line or each network node. The path length is then the sum of the weights of the nodes, lines or lines plus nodes along the possible transmission path. Bandwidth. Bandwidth is used to describe the available transmission rate (bps) of a given section the possible transmission path. An open 64 kbps line would not generally be chosen as the pathway for data transmission if an open 10 Mbps Ethernet link is also open, assuming everything else is equal. However, sometimes the higher bandwidth path is very busy and the time required for transmission on a busy, high bandwidth line is actually longer than on a path with a lower bandwidth. Load. This data packet transmission per unit time or the percent of CPU utilization of a router on a given path is referred to as the load on this path. Reliability. The reliability of a data transmission path can be quantitatively described as the bit error rate and results in the assignment of numeric reliability metrics for the possible data transmission pathways. Delay. The delay in data transmission along a certain path is due to a combination of the metrics that have already been discussed, including geometric length of the transmission lines, bandwidth, and data traffic congestion. Because of the hybrid nature of the communications delay metric, it is commonly used in routing algorithms. Communication Cost. In some cases, the commercial cost of data transmission may be more important the time cost. Commercial organisations often prefer to transmit data over low capacity lines which they own as opposed to using public, high capacity lines that have usage charges. The routing algorithms do not have to use just one metric to determine the optimum route; rather it is possible to choose the optimum route based on multiple metrics. In order for the optimum path to be chosen by the routers between the data source and the data destination, the routers must communicate information about the relevant metrics with other routers. This nature of this communication process is also defined by the routing algorithm and the transmission time is linked to the time required for the routers to have the necessary information about the states of the surrounding routers. The time required for all the routers to agree on the state of the network, the network topology, is known as the convergence time and when all routers are aware of the network topology, the network is said to have converged. Some of the common routing algorithm types can indeed affect the convergence of the network. Some of the different algorithms characteristics that must be chosen when designing are static or dynamic routing, single path or multi-path routing and link state or distance vector routing. Static Routing. Static routing is done by use of a static list of attributes describing the network topology at the initiation of the network. This list, called a routing table, is used by the routers to decide the optimum routes for each type of data transmission and can only be changed manually. Therefore, if anything changes in the network, such as a cable breaking or a router crashing, the viability of the network is likely to be compromised. The advantage is that there is no communication required between routers, thus the network is always converged. Dynamic Routing. In contrast to static routing, dynamic routing continually updates the routing tables according to changes that might occur in the network topology. This type of real time information processing allows the network to adjust to variations in data traffic and component reliability, but does require communication between the routers and thus there is a convergence time cost associated with this solution. Single Path vs Multi-path Routing. Single path and muli-path routing are accurate descriptive terms regarding the use of either a single line to send multiple packets of data from a given source to a given destination as opposed to using multiple paths to send all the data packets from the source to the destination. Multiple path algorithms achieve a much higher transmission rate because of a more efficient utilization of available resources. Link State vs Dynamic Routing Protocols. Link-state algorithms are dynamic routing algorithms which require routers to send routing table information to all the routers in the network, but only that information which describes its own operational state. Distance-vector algorithms, however, require each router to send the whole of its router table, but only to the neighbouring routers. Because the link-state algorithms require small amounts of information to be sent to a large number of routers and the distance vector algorithm requires large amounts of information sent to a small number of routers, the link state algorithm will converge faster. However, link state algorithms require more system resources (CPU time and memory). There is a new type of algorithm developed by CISCO which is a hybrid of the link-state algorithm and the distance vector algorithm [8].. This proprietary algorithm converges faster than the typical distance-vector algorithm but provides more information to the routers than the typical link-state algorithm. This is because the routers are allowed to actively query one another to obtain the necessary information missing from the partial tables communicated by the link-state algorithms. At the same time, this hybrid algorithm avoids communication of any superfluous information exhibited in the router communications of the full tables associated with distance-vector algorithm. Switching. The distance vector, link state or hybrid algorithms all have the same purpose, to insure that all of the routers have an updated table that gives information on all the data transmission paths to a specific destination. Each of these protocols requires that when data is transmitted from a source to a destination, the routers have the ability to ‘switch’ the address on the data transmission. When a router receives a data packet from a source with the destination address, it examines the address of the destination. If the router has a path to that destination in the routing table, then the router determines the address of the next router the data packet will ‘hop’ to and changes the physical address of packet to that of the next hop, and then transmits the packet. This process of physical address change is called ‘switching’. It will be repeated at each hop until the packet reaches the final destination. Although the physical address for the forwarding transmission of the data packet changes as the packet moves across the Internet, the final destination address remains associated with the packet and is a constant. The internet is divided up into hierarchical groups that are useful in the description of the switching process. At the bottom of this hierarchy are network devices without the capability to switch and forward packets between sub-networks, where an AS is a sub-network. These network devices are called end systems (ESs), because if a packet is transmitted there, it cannot be forwarded and has come to the end. At the top of the hierarchy are the network devices that can switch physical addresses are called intermediate systems (ISs). An IS which can only forward packets within a sub-network are referred to as intra-domain ISs while those which communicate either within or between sub-networks are called intra-domain ISs. Details of Routing Algorithms Link State Algorithms In a link state algorithm, every router in the network is notified of a topology change at the same time. This avoids some of the problems associated with the nearest neighbour update propagation that occurs in the distance vector algorithms. The ‘Open Shortest Path First’ (OSPF) protocol uses a graph topology algorithm like Dijkstra’s Algorithm to determine the best path for data transmission between a given data source and a data destination. The metric used for route optimisation is specific to the manual configuration of the router. However, the default metric is the speed of the interface. The OSPF uses a two level, hierarchical network classification. The lower level of hierarchy is groups of routers called areas. All the routers in an area have full knowledge of all the other routers in the area, but reduced knowledge of routers in a different area. The different areas organized within the OSPF algorithm are connected by border routers, which have full knowledge of multiple areas. The upper level of the hierarchy is the backbone network, to which all areas must be connected. That is, all data traffic going from one area to another must pass through the backbone routers. Distance Vector Algorithms In order for data to be transmitted from a source to a destination on the Internet, the destination must be identified using some mechanism. That is, each possible destination for data transmission must be described with an address. The scheme currently used to address the internet space is the Internet Protocol (IP) version 4. The IP version 4 uses an address length limited by 32 bits. An example of an Internet address is 227. 130. 107. 5 with the corresponding bit vector 11100011 10000010 01101011 00000101. An initial difficulty in managing the available address space was the implementation of a class structure, where large blocks of internet address space was reserved for organisations such as universities, leaving commercial applications with limited address space. Routing of data transmission in this address environment was referred to as class-full routing. To alleviate this problem of limited address space, the internet community has slowly evolved to a classless structure, with classless routing. In distance vector protocols, each router sends adjacent routers information about known paths to specific addresses. The neighbouring routers are sent information giving a distance metric of each one from a destination address. The distance metric could be the number of routers which must be used to reach the destination address, known as the ‘hop count’, or it could be the actual transmission distance in the network. Although this information is advertised only to the adjacent routers, these routers will then communicate the information with their neighbouring routers, and so on, until the entire network has the same information. This information is then used to build the routing table which associates the distance metric with a destination address. The distance vector protocol is implemented when a router receives a packet, notes the destination, determines the path with the shortest distance to the destination and then forwards the packet to the next router along the shortest distance path. One of the first distance vector protocols implemented on the Internet was the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). RIP uses the distance metric of hop count to determine the shortest distance to the destination address. It also implements several protocols to avoid having data packets pass through the same router more than once (router loops). The path vector protocol is a distance vector protocol that includes information on the routes over which the routing updates have been transmitted. It is this information on path structure which is used to avoid routing loops. Path Vector Protocols are also somewhat more sophisticated than RIP because an attempt is made to ‘weight’ each path based on a locally defined criteria that may not simply reflect the highest quality of service, but rather the highest profit for an ISP. The implementation of these types of router algorithms may be different in different parts of the Internet. When the algorithms are implemented inside an autonomous system, they are called Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP). Because the different autonomous systems that make up the Internet are independent from one another, the type of routing algorithm used within the autonomous systems can also be independent of one another. That is, the managers of each autonomous system are free to choose the type of algorithm which best suits their particular network, whether it is static or dynamic link-state or dynamic distance-vector. When the algorithms are implemented to control data transmission between autonomous systems, they are referred to as Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP). The EGP connect all autonomous systems together to form the Internet and thus all EGP should use the same algorithm. The specific algorithm currently used as the EGP on the Internet is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), which is a type of distance vector algorithm called a path vector algorithm [9]. A path vector algorithm uses information about the final destination of the data transmission in addition to the attributes of the neighbouring links. It should be noted that the BGP algorithm can also be used as a router protocol within an autonomous system and is called an interior BGP (IBGP) in that instance. This necessitates calling the BGP an EBGP when it is implemented as an EGP. How to cite Background The Evolution of the Internet, Papers

Emotional Intelligence Applying Emotional Intelligence

Question: Explain about the Emotional Intelligence for Applying Emotional Intelligence? Answer: Introduction EQ is the ability to create a balance between knowing what person doesnt know and that what person knows can be improved. In an organization, the leader has two minds one that feels and another that thinks (Ealias and George 2012). EQ can use, identify and understand emotions in positive ways to get relief from high stress and refuse Framework of EQ Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is the key to every managerial success. It consists of four basic attributes: self-management, self-awareness, social awareness and management of the relationship. As the researchers know that it is not the smartest person who are the most successful in life; people are preferable knowledgeable and yet they are mentally inept and failure at scheduled work or in personal relationships (Ciarrochi and Mayer 2013). Self-management helps to maintain personal competencies inside the organization by maintaining integrity; employees become flexible to handle challenges, which will assist them to achieve great success. Self-awareness helps to understand others emotions and feelings, helps to understand personal strengths and weaknesses to improve performances and to find out opportunities for future developments. Social awareness of EQ helps to understand current trends of the society to meet up the requirements of the clients for greater customer satisfactions (Ea lias and George 2012). Relationship management is another vital aspect of EQ, which helps the managers with strong leadership skills to guide the employees and engage them to achieve collective goals with social competencies. Figure 1: Components of Emotional Intelligence (Source: Martin-Raugh et al. 2016, pp-45) Emotional Intelligence in Organizational Behaviors In an organization structure of emotional competence is crucial for personal and social competencies. This aspect with organizational behaviors engages people, structure, environment and some administrative tools that help to increase the productivity of the company (Zeidner, Matthews and Robertsv 2012). Employees of the company are the living beings who serve people to meet organizational goals and objectives. If an emotionally intelligent manager can provide a healthy working for the environment by understanding their feelings and their requirements, an enthusiastic team will do good work which will increase the reputation of the organization. Emotional intelligence is needed for reconstructing the structure of the organization to ensure the fact that employees have a secure feature with improved behaviors (Murphy 2012). In order to make critical and crucial decisions for the organizations, higher authorities should have the capabilities to make a strong relationship with the colle agues for better communication purposes. Emotional intelligence must be inducted into the training program of the company to manage the working environment with active strategies. Case Study Researchers have observed a case study on AMADORI, which is as a supplier of McDonalds in Europe, assesses the aspects of emotional intelligence in organizational behaviors and links it to the individual performance and organizational performances. Managers performances, their leadership skills in this period, dropped the employees turnover by 63% (Ciarrochi and Mayer 2013). For this issue, Hr department of the organization has decided to integrate EQ process in their performance evaluation activities. This emotional intelligence process helps the higher authorities to develop a secure communication platform for achieving business goals successfully (Ealias and George 2012). Adopting of this activity, performance of this company has been improved with a significant growth which has been shown in the following figure Figure 1: Performance Improvements by EQ Process (Source: Kell et al. 2016, pp-42) The above case study will help the readers to understand the key drivers of emotional intelligence for organizational success. These key drivers are trust, motivation, change, teamwork, and execution. People working together in a workplace must have trust and confidence with each other to share ideas, feelings for achieving organizational goals. Motivation is much needed for a healthy working environment so that people feel energized to improve their works. The above case study shows that changes made in the performance management activities are very much needed to improve the performance of the company. Teamwork is another strong field of AMADORI, which helps them to compete with external challenges with confidence. Data for this particular case study has been collected from the interview sessions with the employees of AMADORI ad from the online surveys such as blogs, articles, and journals. References Ciarrochi, J. and Mayer, J.D., 2013.Applying emotional intelligence: A practitioner's guide. Psychology Press. Ealias, A. and George, J., 2012. Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction: a correlational study.Research journal of commerce and behavioral science,1(4). Martin-Raugh, M.P., Kell, H.J. and Motowidlo, S.J., 2016. Prosocial knowledge mediates effects of agreeableness and emotional intelligence on prosocial behavior.Personality and Individual Differences,90, pp.41-49. Murphy, K.R., 2014.A critique of emotional intelligence: what are the problems and how can they be fixed?. Psychology Press. Zeidner, M., Matthews, G. and Roberts, R.D., 2012.What we know about emotional intelligence: How it affects learning, work, relationships, and our mental health. MIT press.

BIBLIOGRAFHY Essay Example For Students

BIBLIOGRAFHY Essay Tom D. Crouch and Peter L. Jakab The Wright Brothers: And The Invention ofThe Aerial Age. Washington D.C. National Geographic, 2003A series of documents and rare photos, which depicts their ideas of windtunnel and the records, the shattered. Such as time aloft, altitude,distance covered, and more. Helpful and easy to understand. Judy Baker. Celebrating a century of flight; two men, One extraordinarydream. Washington, D.C. N.A.S.A. Publication, 2002. A pamphlet that contains information from the first flight to space travel. Very interesting and useful information. Chiles Encyclopedia Book 6: F Reference Page 42 Published 1998. A quick reference item for anything that starts with F. It has some facts but not too much information on the first flightThe Wright Brothers-First Flight, 1903. Ibis Communications; Inc. Copyright 1997. This site has quotes from when early construction of the plane wasaccruing. Easy to read and understand and lots of useful information. The Wright Brothers . Copyright 1999. http://www.kyrene. k12.az.us.htmlThe site has a lot of information about their childhood and their beginningdreams. Very helpful in the research and understanding of my topic. Kelly Fred C. The Wright Brothers: A BiographyAuthorized by Orville Wright. New York. Harcourt, Brace and Co.1943. This helped me find out the good and bad of the Wright Brothers and some ofthe planes that failed. Freudenthal, Elsbeth E. Flight into History: The Wright Brothers and TheAir Age. Norman, University of Oklahoma press.1949. This helped me find out how they got obsessed with the learning of flying. Photographs/DrawingsOrvilles sketch of the toy helicopterThe Wright Family US Centennial ofFlight Commission.2003.www.centennialofflight.gov.I used this document toview some of their earlier ideas. Blueprint of the 1903 Wright Flier. The First Flight (1903) US Centennialof Flight Commission. 2003. www.centennialofflight.gov. Iusedthisdocument to view how the Wright flier was builtA photograph of Wilbur and Orville. After the First Flight US Centennialof Flight Commission.2003.www.centennialofflight.gov. I used this on mypicture presentation. Photo of Wilbur Wright. 1900 Glider experiments.US Centennial of FlightCommission.2003.www.centennialofflight.gov. I used thisonmyphotopresentation. The Wright Home Dayton, Ohio. The Wright Family US Centennial of FlightCommission.2003.www.centennialofflight.gov. I used this formyphotopresentation. The 1900 Kite.1900 glider experiments. US CentennialofFlightCommission.2003. www.centennialofflight.gov. I used this photo to examine how they flewtheir first kite. DocumentsWest Side News. Business. US Centennial of Flight Commission.2003. Www.centennialofflight.gov. I used this document to view what was going onaround that time. WingCalculations.1900GliderExperimentsUSCentennialofCommission.2003. www.centennialofflight.gov. I used this document to help me learn the rangeof the plane. Secondary sourcesTheodore Rowland, Wilbur andOrvilleWright.NewYork,MarshallCavedish,1988. I used this bibliography about Wright Brothers to study mostly whathappened after the first flight. Donald Lopez, Flight, US Weldon Owen Inc, 1995. I used this to get somequick information about my topic. Curtis Prendergast, The First Aviators, Alexandria, Virginia, Time LifeBooks, 1967. I used this book to learn about some of the earlier aviatorsbefore the Wrights. By the Editors of American Heritage, History of Flight, 1962. This book didnot have much about the Wright flyer but I used what was in there aboutbefore the Wrights. Margaret Hudson, The Wright brothers, Chicago, Heinemann Library, 1999. Iused this book to study about the Wright family and their young years. Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1987. This bookprovided good pictures of the Wrights and the Wright flyer. Gorge Sullivan, The Wright Brothers, Broadway, New York, scholastic, 2002. This was a good book that short and I could read the whole thing in a week. Henk Tennekes, The Simple Science of Flight, Cambridge, Massachusetts, TheMIT Press, 1997. I compared this book with the others to see what type ofresearch on science the Wrights did. .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82 , .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82 .postImageUrl , .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82 , .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82:hover , .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82:visited , .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82:active { border:0!important; } .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82:active , .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82 .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0a8565b9f91803dbe74cff44e11ffd82:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Popularity of Mixed Martial Arts EssayThe Wright Family US Centennial of Flight Commission, Oct.19.2003,